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nl2br (PHP 3, PHP 4, PHP 5) nl2br --
Inserts HTML line breaks before all newlines in a string
Descriptionstring nl2br ( string string )
Returns string with '<br />' inserted
before all newlines.
Notatka:
Starting with PHP 4.0.5, nl2br() is now XHTML
compliant. All versions before 4.0.5 will return
string with '<br>' inserted before
newlines instead of '<br />'.
Przykład 1. using nl2br() |
<?php
echo nl2br("foo isn't\n bar");
?>
|
this will output :
|
See also htmlspecialchars(),
htmlentities(),
wordwrap(), and
str_replace().
User Contributed Notestom dot crawford at emailsystems dot com
11-Jan-2006 11:32
Note to foltscane at yahoo dot com
Wouldn't it be easier to do this:
$encoded_string = nl2br( htmlentities( $string_to_encode ) );
buzoganylaszlo at yahoo dot com
05-Jan-2006 01:51
There is a simple nl2p function:
<?php
function nl2p($text) {
return "<p>" . str_replace("\n", "</p><p>", $text) . "</p>";
}
?>
foltscane at yahoo dot com
03-Jan-2006 05:47
I was interested in changing \n to <BR> but then still having htmlentities enforced inbetween these added <BR>s. So I wrote this simple textentities which will do just that.
function textentities($s)
{
while($sp = strpos($s,"\n"))
{
echo htmlentities(substr($s,0,$sp))."<BR>";
$s = substr($s,$sp+1,strlen($s));
}
echo htmlentities($s);
}
btm at anfo dot pl
20-Dec-2005 12:22
Comment on emailfire at gmail dot com nl2brr. It should be:
<? return str_replace(array("\r\n", "\n", "\r"), "<br>", $text); ?>
You've forgotten the backslashes.
jonasnicklas at hotmail dot com
19-Dec-2005 11:04
Re: emailfire
The function emailfire posted is missing some backslashes, a better alternative to it is:
<?php
$foo = "This\nis a\r\ntest\rmessage";
function nl2brr($text)
{
return preg_replace("/\r\n|\n|\r/", "<br>", $text);
}
echo nl2brr($foo);
?>
I put both functions in a for-loop and surprisingly preg_replace is a lot faster, I assume this is because str_replace will search the string several times. If you know what kind of breaks (Windows/Unix) you are expecting it is obviously better to use str_replace.
A note: Internet Explorer does not have any XHTML support, even browsers that DO have XHTML support (such as Firefox or Opera) will not parse pages as XHTML unless told so via a Header (for example through php's header function, like <?php header(Content-type: application/xhtml+xml); ?>), the tag <br /> is invalid in HTML 4. Since all browsers show it correctly anyway (though according to the specification they shouldn't), you could simply not care...
silya at rfvnu dot lg dot ua
04-Dec-2005 05:02
Trouble was with file function when long tags where broken by \r\n and function strip_tags worked not correctly with every element of array. This step prepare string from file for using function file and then strip_tags. (For example, html file generated by M$ Word)
<?php
$str = file_get_contents($filename);
$str = str_replace("\r\n", "\n", $str);
$opentag = 0;
$nl = 0;
for($i = 0; $i < strlen($str); $i++)
{
if($opentag == 1 && $str[$i] == "\n")
{
$str[$i] = ' ';
continue;
}
if($str[$i] == '<')
$opentag = 1;
elseif($str[$i] == '>')
$opentag = 0;
else ;
}
?>
thunberg at gmail dot com
14-Sep-2005 08:15
I wrote this because I wanted users to be able to do basic layout formatting by hitting enter in a textbox but still wanted to allow HTML elements (tables, lists, etc). The problem was in order for the output to be correct with nl2br the HTML had to be "scrunched" up so newlines wouldn't be converted; the following function solved my problem so I figured I'd share.
<?php
function nl2br_skip_html($string)
{
$string = str_replace("\r", '', $string);
$string = preg_replace('/(?<!>)\n/', "<br />\n", $string);
return $string;
}
?>
webmaster at cafe-clope dot net
14-Aug-2005 12:50
based on previous notes, a generalist function that works with any <tag>...</tag>, and its ^-1. (use it with "li", for example) :
<?php
function nl2any($string, $tag = 'p', $feed = '') {
$start_tag = "<$tag" . ($feed ? ' '.$feed : '') . '>' ;
$end_tag = "</$tag>" ;
$lines = preg_split('`[\n\r]+`', trim($string)) ;
$string = '' ;
foreach($lines as $line)
$string .= "$start_tag$line$end_tag\n" ;
return $string ;
}
function any2nl($string, $tag = 'p') {
preg_match_all("`<".$tag."[^>]*>(.*)</".$tag.">`Ui", $string, $results) ;
return implode("\n", array_filter($results[1])) ;
}
?>
I just had a problem when trying "`<$tag[^>]*>(.*)</$tag>`Ui" regexp string, I can't figure out why.
x against capital x at x everywhere x
12-Aug-2005 02:47
Regarding last post by admin at ninthcircuit, I think:
"rather than get into nasty regular expressions" === "I don't understand regular expressions"
No offense, but please be aware that kristen's solution is much more robust. The ninthcircuit solution will miss cases when there are differences in case (e.g., BR instead of br) and when there is more than one space between the r and the / (e.g., <br />).
We all like robust code, don't we?
admin at ninthcircuit dot info
06-Jun-2005 11:00
As stated in the manual above, PHP's nl2br() feature only puts a "<br />" tag before each newline ("\n"). So -- if you intend to code a br2nl() function for yourselves, all you have to do is remove every occurence of "<br />" or "<br>".
Rather than get into nasty regular expressions to accomplish this, just use what PHP has built in already -- str_replace():
<?php
function br2nl($text)
{
$text = str_replace("<br />","",$text);
$text = str_replace("<br>","",$text);
return $text;
}
?>
The final result from this function being called is whatever was entered before XHTML/HTML linebreaks were added.
All newlines are preserved by default, as per PHP ln2br() specification. Since the code above preserves newlines also, you can expect your data to reappear in the same way it was entered.
Hope this helps.
kristen at paristemi dot com
16-May-2005 10:12
A note to add to the br2nl. Since nl2br doesn't remove the line breaks when adding in the <br /> tags, it is necessary to strip those off before you convert all of the tags, otherwise you will get double spacing. Here is the modified function:
function br2nl($str) {
$str = preg_replace("/(\r\n|\n|\r)/", "", $str);
return preg_replace("=<br */?>=i", "\n", $str);
}
sebastian at no spam flashhilfe.de
10-May-2005 05:16
// Convert only <br> <br /> and <br /> to newline
function br2nl($str) {
return preg_replace('=<br */?>=i', "\n", $str);
}
The Script at the bottom whit '!<br.*>!iU' match tags like <break> or something.
jochem at vuilnisbak dot com
02-Apr-2005 06:43
For people trying br2nl, but getting stuck at double newlines (or at least more then needed), try this:
<?php
function br2nl($coffee) {
$coffee = str_replace("\r\n", "\n", $coffee); $coffee = str_replace("<br />\n", "\n", $coffee); return $coffee;
}
?>
The first thing \r\n is replacing linebreaks made on Windows systems. I believe *nix systems only place \n (not sure about it).
Have fun.
Jochem
webKami [at] akdomains.com
01-Apr-2005 02:54
here is the CSS friendly version, called nl2li_css()
Inputs a param css_class (default ="none") and pass it as class of All <li> List Items.
<?
function nl2li_css($str,$css_class = "none",$ordered = 0, $type = "1") {
if ($ordered)
{
$tag="ol";
$tag_type="type=$type";
}
else
{
$tag="ul";
$tag_type=NULL;
}
$str = "<$tag $tag_type><li class=\"$css_class\">" . $str ."</li></$tag>";
$str = str_replace("\n","</li><br />\n<li class=\"$css_class\">",$str);
return $str;
}
?>
Suggestions welcome again :)
webkami [at] gmail dout com
30-Mar-2005 05:42
A handy function to convert new line \n seprated text into ordered or unordered list. I am calling it nl2li, suggestions welcome. Second optional parameter sets the list as ordered (1) or unordered (0 = default). Third parameter can be used to specify type of ordered list, valid inputs are "1" = default ,"a","A","i","I".
function nl2li($str,$ordered = 0, $type = "1") {
//check if its ordered or unordered list, set tag accordingly
if ($ordered)
{
$tag="ol";
//specify the type
$tag_type="type=$type";
}
else
{
$tag="ul";
//set $type as NULL
$tag_type=NULL;
}
// add ul / ol tag
// add tag type
// add first list item starting tag
// add last list item ending tag
$str = "<$tag $tag_type><li>" . $str ."</li></$tag>";
//replace /n with adding two tags
// add previous list item ending tag
// add next list item starting tag
$str = str_replace("\n","</li><br />\n<li>",$str);
//spit back the modified string
return $str;
}
mike at openconcept dot ca
10-Mar-2005 07:02
There are other nl2p examples above, but think this one will provide nicer html. Also threw in a very related br2p function for all of those folks who want to strip away the <br /> tags which give their designers the blues.
/**
* replacement for php's nl2br tag that produces more designer friendly html
*
* Modified from: http://www.php-editors.com/contest/1/51-read.html
*
* @param string $text
* @param string $cssClass
* @return string
*/
function nl2p($text, $cssClass=''){
// Return if there are no line breaks.
if (!strstr($text, "\n")) {
return $text;
}
// Add Optional css class
if (!empty($cssClass)) {
$cssClass = ' class="' . $cssClass . '" ';
}
// put all text into <p> tags
$text = '<p' . $cssClass . '>' . $text . '</p>';
// replace all newline characters with paragraph
// ending and starting tags
$text = str_replace("\n", "</p>\n<p" . $cssClass . '>', $text);
// remove empty paragraph tags & any cariage return characters
$text = str_replace(array('<p' . $cssClass . '></p>', '<p></p>', "\r"), '', $text);
return $text;
} // end nl2p
/**
* expanding on the nl2p tag above to convert user contributed
* <br />'s to <p>'s so it displays more nicely.
*
* @param string $text
* @param string $cssClass
* @return string
*/
function br2p($text, $cssClass=''){
if (!eregi('<br', $text)) {
return $text;
}
if (!empty($cssClass)) {
$cssClass = ' class="' . $cssClass . '" ';
}
// put all text into <p> tags
$text = '<p' . $cssClass . '>' . $text . '</p>';
// replace all break tags with paragraph
// ending and starting tags
$text = str_replace(array('<br>', '<br />', '<BR>', '<BR />'), "</p>\n<p" . $cssClass . '>', $text);
// remove empty paragraph tags
$text = str_replace(array('<p' . $cssClass . '></p>', '<p></p>', "<p>\n</p>"), '', $text);
return $text;
}
This is all code from Back-End CMS (http://www.back-end.org), a template based gpl php/mysql cms.
Mike
freedman AT freeformit . com
04-Mar-2005 01:45
here's a modified version that allows the addition of style tags to the <p> marker
function nl2p($str,$addtag='') {
return str_replace('<p'.$addtag.'></p>', '', '<p'.$addtag.'>' . preg_replace('#\n|\r#', '</p>$0<p'.$addtag.'>', $str) . '</p>');
}
$x = "abc\ndef"
echo nl2p($x); // outputs <p>abc</p>\n<p>def</p>
echo nl2p($x,' style="text-align:justify"');
// outputs <p style="text-align:justify">abc</p>\n<p style="text-align:justify">def</p>
asentis at gmail dot com
24-Feb-2005 02:06
If you want to respect W3C, you can use this function :
<?php
function nl2p($str)
{
return str_replace('<p></p>', '', '<p>' . preg_replace('#\n|\r#', '</p>$0<p>', $str) . '</p>');
}
?>
Cya :)
CGameProgrammer at gmail dot com
31-Jan-2005 02:28
It's important to remember that this function does NOT replace newlines with <br> tags. Rather, it inserts a <br> tag before each newline, but it still preserves the newlines themselves! This caused problems for me regarding a function I was writing -- I forgot the newlines were still being preserved.
If you don't want newlines, do:
$Result = str_replace( "\n", '<br />', $Text );
17-Jan-2005 09:04
string nl2br_indent ( string string [, mixed indent] )
This function adds break tags before newlines as nl2br and also indents the text.
If indent is not specified, string will not be indented.
<?php
function nl2br_indent($string, $indent = 0)
{
$string = str_replace("\r", '', $string);
if (is_int($indent)) {
$indent = str_repeat(' ', (int)$indent);
}
$string = str_replace("\n", "<br />\n".$indent, $string);
$string = $indent.$string;
return $string;
}
?>
This is for example useful to indent text in html tags:
<?php
$str = 'Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.
In massa nunc, cursus eu, tincidunt in, eleifend non, enim. In ut felis. Nunc
scelerisque ante vel risus. Nulla quis metus non elit scelerisque tincidunt.'
echo '<html>'."\n";
echo ' <p>'."\n";
echo nl2br_indent($str, 4)."\n";
echo ' </p>'."\n";
echo '</html>'."\n";
?>
will return:
<html>
<p>
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.<br />
In massa nunc, cursus eu, tincidunt in, eleifend non, enim. In ut felis. Nunc<br />
scelerisque ante vel risus. Nulla quis metus non elit scelerisque tincidunt.
</p>
</html>
- $str is indented by 4 spaces.
spertica at tiscalinet dot it
14-Jan-2005 10:23
An easy way to get HTML formatted with <br> from a ASCII text file with CR & LF:
<?php
$string_text=file_get_contents("/path_to/file.txt"); $new_text=nl2br($string_text); echo $new_text; unset($string_text, $new_text); ?>
php at keithtyler dot com
05-Nov-2004 07:58
Take extreme care with nl2br(). It is a simple replacement function -- apparently equivalent to preg_replace("\n","<br \>\n").
It should not be used on input from HTML textareas, unless all HTML tags are stripped from the input first. nl2br() does not do anything special to newlines that occur within HTML elements (such as the <a> anchor tag).
Some browsers will submit textarea data with newlines inserted at the points where the user's input wrapped to the next line. This can cause anchor links to break and other erratic appearance of HTML:
<a <br \>href=http://us2.php.net/manual/en/function.nl2br.php>PHP nl2br()</a>
or worse:
<a href="http://www.site.com/user/page with <br />spaces.html">URL with spaces</a>
A lot of people use nl2br() to allow their users to insert explicit line and paragraph breaks via newlines, and their applications will exhibit this problem when used with such browsers.
php at sharpdreams dot com
06-Apr-2004 06:52
Better br2nl function (allows for non-valid XHTML tags). I find it useful for parsing 3rd party websites to convert their screwy BR formats to \n.
<?php
function br2nl( $data ) {
return preg_replace( '!<br.*>!iU', "\n", $data );
}
?>
greywyvern - greywyvern - com
05-Feb-2004 10:11
Just a couple adjustments to the function below.
<?php
function nl2br_pre($string, $wrap = 40) {
$string = nl2br($string);
preg_match_all("/<pre[^>]*?>(.|\n)*?<\/pre>/", $string, $pre1);
for ($x = 0; $x < count($pre1[0]); $x++) {
$pre2[$x] = preg_replace("/\s*<br[^>]*?>\s*/", "", $pre1[0][$x]);
$pre2[$x] = preg_replace("/([^\n]{".$wrap."})(?!<\/pre>)(?!\n)/", "$1\n", $pre2[$x]);
$pre1[0][$x] = "/".preg_quote($pre1[0][$x], "/")."/";
}
return preg_replace($pre1[0], $pre2, $string);
}
?>
You might ask, why not just use:
<?php $string = str_replace("\n", "<br />", $string); ?>
... and prevent double spacing that way by actually *replacing* the \n with <br />, whereas nl2br() *inserts* a <br />.
Well, the answer is, doing it that way makes all the HTML output appear on a single line! Ugly, to say the least. The function above will keep your HTML source output formatted the same way you input it. :)
matt at mullenweg dot com
16-Oct-2002 05:23
I put together a little function to convert multiple line breaks into XHTML paragraph tags. It also changes newlines within the psuedo-paragraphs to <br />. This should be well suited to CMS where (in my case) you don't want the client to deal with *any* HTML but you still want proper paragraphs for your pages.
USAGE: You can write your text just like I have here, using the enter key as the only formatting tool. This can probably be made more efficient and I'll keep an updated (and unmangled) version of it at
http://www.photomatt.net/scripts/autop
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