PHP: popen - Manual

Opis

resource popen ( string polecenie, string tryb )

Otwiera potok do procesu uruchomionego przez rozwidlenie polecenia (ang. forking) podanego w parametrze polecenie.

Zwraca wskaźnik pliku identyczny do tego zwracanego przez fopen() z wyjątkiem tego, że jest on jednokierunkowy (może być tylko użyty do odczytu lub zapisu) i musi być zamknięty za pomocą pclose(). Wskaźnik ten może być użyty z fgets(), fgetss() i fwrite().

W przypadku błędu, zwraca FALSE.

Notatka: Jeśli szukasz dwukierunkowej obsługi (w obie strony), użyj proc_open().

Przykład 1. popen() przykład


<?php

$uchwyt = popen("/bin/ls", "r");

?>

Jeśli polecenie uruchamiane nie może zostać znalezione, poprawny zasób jest zwracany. To może wydawać się dziwne, ale ma sens; pozwala tobie na dostęp do wszystkich informacji o błędach zwracanych przez powłokę.


<?php

error_reporting(E_ALL);



/* Dodanie przekierowania, aby móc dostać stderr. */

$uchwyt = popen('/sciezka/do/czegos 2>&1', 'r');

echo "'$uchwyt'; " . gettype($uchwyt) . "\n";

$czytaj = fread($uchwyt, 2096);

echo $czytaj;

pclose($uchwyt);

?>

Notatka: Jeśli tryb bezpieczny został włączony, możliwe jest wykonywanie programów tylko z katalogu określonego przez safe_mode_exec_dir. Ze względów praktycznych, nie można podawać elementów .. w ścieżce do pliku wykonywalnego.

Ostrzeżenie

Jeśli włączony jest tryb bezpieczny, wszystkie słowa następujące po nazwie polecenia są traktowane jako pojedyńczy argument. A więc, polecenie echo y | echo x staje się echo "y | echo x".

Patrz także pclose(), fopen() i proc_open().

User Contributed Notes


// The above import function can be easily extended using 

// /usr/local/bin/xls2csv (part of catdoc ) and popen 

// to read excell files directly. 

// In our particular application the first line was the file heading.

function importxls($file,$head=true,$throwfirst=true,$delim=",",$len=1000) {

   $return = false;

   $handle = popen("/usr/local/bin/xls2csv $file", "r");

// or die if not there.

   if ($throwfirst) {

       $throw = fgetcsv($handle, $len, $delim);

   }

   if ($head) {

       $header = fgetcsv($handle, $len, $delim);

   }

   while (($data = fgetcsv($handle, $len, $delim)) !== FALSE) {

       if ($head AND isset($header)) {

           foreach ($header as $key=>$heading) {

               $row[$heading]=(isset($data[$key])) ? $data[$key] : '';

               print "<li>". $heading ."=>" . $row[$heading]."</li>";

           }

           $return[]=$row;

       } else {

           $return[]=$data;

       }

   }

   fclose($handle);

   return $return;

}


Truncated output from ps command?



The solution lies in the way ps displays it's info

specifically the -w option which:

'uses 132 columns to display information,

instead of the default which is your window size.'....

somehow with fgets in php that results in 74 characters

regardless off the init length parameter



a bit of code:



echo '<table width="99%"><tr><td>cron</td></tr>' . "\n";

$fp=popen("/bin/ps -waux","r");

while (!feof($fp)) {

    $buffer = fgets($fp, 4096);

    $croninf .= '<tr><td>' . $buffer . '</td></tr>' . "\n";

}

pclose($fp);

echo $croninf;

echo '</table><br><br>' . "\n";



Ciao,



Rene =<>=


Writing and executing a bash script is as simple as that:



$f = popen ("/bin/bash","w");

fwrite($f, "export KRB5CCNAME=`tempfile`\n");

fwrite($f, "export KRBTKFILE=`tempfile`\n");

fwrite($f, "$KINIT --keytab=$GLOBALS["KADMIN_KEYFILE"] --use-keytab --afslog $GLOBALS["KADMIN_PRINC"]\n");

fwrite($f, "pts delete $uid\n");

fwrite($f, "fs rmmount $rwhome\n");

fwrite($f, "vos remove sanjo b user.$uid\n");

fwrite($f, "$KDESTROY\n");

pclose($f);


If you want to fork a process under windows, this is the function to use.  I created a batch file called runcmd.bat with the following line



start %1 %2 %3 %4



then I have the folowing function



<?

define('RUNCMDPATH', 'c:\\htdocs\\nonwebspace\\runcmd.bat');



function runCmd($cmd) {

    $externalProcess=popen(RUNCMDPATH.' '.$cmd, 'r');

    pclose($externalProcess);

}    

?>



with this, doing something like



<? runCmd('php.exe printWorkOrder.php 3498'); ?>

will launch php.exe outside of apache and allow the script calling the runCmd() function to continue without waiting for the command line process to return.  The process will run under the same user account that Apache (or whatever webserver you're running) is running under, so make sure it has permissions to do whatever you need to do.  Also, make sure that the batch file has enough %n s in order to pass all the command line variables that you might need to pass.



Special thanks to kicken from the devshed forums for coming up with the idea.


LinixDude010's srcipt did not work for me.  Seems wrong to read and write with popen, according to the manual.



The script produced pgp text, but there was something wrong with the text and I could not decode it.



This replacement script, using proc_open, which can read and write, DOES work:



<?php

function pgp_encrypt($keyring_location, $public_key_id, $plain_text) {

  $encrypted_text='';

  $key_id = EscapeShellArg($public_key_id);

  putenv("PGPPATH=$keyring_location");



  // encrypt the message

  $descriptorspec = array(

    0 => array("pipe", "r"),  // stdin

    1 => array("pipe", "w"),  // stdout

    2 => array("pipe", "w")   // stderr ?? instead of a file

  );

  $process = proc_open("pgpe -r $key_id -af", $descriptorspec, $pipes);

  if (is_resource($process)) {

    fwrite($pipes[0], $plain_text);

    fclose($pipes[0]);

    while($s= fgets($pipes[1], 1024)) {

          // read from the pipe

          $encrypted_text .= $s;

    }

    fclose($pipes[1]);

    // optional:

    while($s= fgets($pipes[2], 1024)) {

      $encrypted_text.= "\n<p>Error: $s</p>\n";

    }

    fclose($pipes[2]);

  }

  return $encrypted_text;

}



$message = pgp_encrypt("/home/username/.pgp", "to@domain.com", "dummy text to be encrypted");

print nl2br($message);



?>


Note that there appears to be a limit to the amount of data that fread() will return from a handle opened with popen(). A call to fread() may not return as much as you ask for.



For example, suppose I have a file "myfile.txt" which is more than 10KB in size. The following code works as expected:



<?php

$fp = fopen('myfile.txt', 'r');

$data = fread($fp, 10240);

echo strlen($data);

?>



The output is '10240.' However, popen() behaves differently:



<?php

$fp = popen('/bin/cat myfile.txt', 'r');

$data = fread($fp, 10240);

echo strlen($data);

?>



On my system, this code prints out '8192' instead of the expected '10240.'


This function send an email in html format.



function SendEmail($to,$asunto,$html,$from) {

    $fd = popen("/usr/sbin/sendmail -t", "w");

    fputs($fd, "Content-type: text/html\r\n");

    fputs($fd, "To: $to\r\n");

    fputs($fd, "From: TRYKE <" . $from . ">\r\n");

    fputs($fd, "Subject: $asunto\r\n");

    fputs($fd, "X-Mailer: PHP3\r\n\r\n");

    fputs($fd, $html);

    pclose($fd);

}



Examples:

SendEmail("tryke@hot.com","My Subject","<h1>Hi,<br>How are you?</h1>","miemail@midomain.com");



More:

http://tryke.blogcindario.com


I noticed that some of the examples above seem to advocate passing unencrypted data to gpg via the pipe shell escape, in the absence of a bi-directional popen (on some OSes).



The approach I've taken is similar to:



  $prefix = 'example';

  $command = '/usr/local/bin/gpg --encrypt --armor --no-tty --batch --no-secmem-warning --recipient "joe.soap@example.com"';

  $tmpfile = tempnam('/tmp', $prefix);

  $pipe = popen("$command 2>&1 >$tmpfile", 'w');

  if (!$pipe) {

    unlink($tmpfile);

  } else {

    fwrite($pipe, $plaintxt, strlen($plaintxt));

    pclose($pipe);

    $fd = fopen($tmpfile, "rb");

    $output = fread($fd, filesize($tmpfile));

    fclose($fd);

    unlink($tmpfile);

  }

  return $output;



This means that unencrypted information is not passed via a (potentially readable) shell command, and only encrypted information gets stored on disc.


Here is a workaround for not having bidirectional pipes in php.



If you have bidirectional pipe support, don't bother with this.



The trick here is to send the input on the command line to the target application.  In particular I wanted to use openssl without using temp files or named pipes.  This solution should also be thread/process safe.



This does work on Linux (RedHat 7).



function filterThroughCmd($input, $commandLine) {

  $pipe = popen("echo \"$input\"|$commandLine" , 'r');

  if (!$pipe) {

    print "pipe failed.";

    return "";

  }

  $output = '';

  while(!feof($pipe)) {

    $output .= fread($pipe, 1024);

  }

  pclose($pipe);

  return $output;

}



# example:

print filterThroughCmd("hello", "cat");

# Piping to cat has the effect of echoing your input.


I had all kinds of trouble encrypting a message with PGP, but I finanlly got it to work.  The trick was to 'chmod o+r pubring.pkr' so that the apache server could read the public keys!!!  Then, this function worked fine:



<?PHP

function pgp_encrypt($keyring_location, $public_key_id, $plain_text) {



        $key_id = EscapeShellArg($public_key_id);

        putenv("PGPPATH=$keyring_location");



        // encrypt the message

        $pipe = popen("pgpe -r $key_id -af", "r");               

        fwrite($pipe, $plain_text);

        $encrypted_text = '';

        while($s = fgets($pipe, 1024)) {

                // read from the pipe

                $encrypted_text .= $s;

        }

        pclose($pipe);



        return $encrypted_text;

}



$message = pgp_encrypt("/home/username/.pgp", "to@domain.com", "dummy text to be encrypted");

print nl2br($message);



?>


ive tried using popen using bidirectional pipes without working for obvious reasons, but i managed to create a simple script that managed to take care of the problem.  This example is for gpg encryption.



<?

   $message = "this is the text to encrypt with gpg";

   $sendto = 'Dummy Key <another@fake.email>';



   system("mkfifo pipein");

   system("mkfifo pipeout");

   system("gpg --encrypt -a -r '$sendto' > pipeout < pipein &");

   $fo = fopen("pipeout", "r");

   $fi = fopen("pipein", "w");

   fwrite($fi, $message, strlen($message));

   fclose($fi);

   while (!feof($fo)) {

      $buf .= fread($fo, 1024);

   }

   echo $buf;

   unlink("pipein");

   unlink("pipeout");

?>



If anyone has a better way of doing this I would love to see it.