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sha1

(PHP 4 >= 4.3.0, PHP 5)

sha1 -- Calculate the sha1 hash of a string

Description

string sha1 ( string str [, bool raw_output] )

Calculates the sha1 hash of str using the US Secure Hash Algorithm 1, and returns that hash. The hash is a 40-character hexadecimal number. If the optional raw_output is set to TRUE, then the sha1 digest is instead returned in raw binary format with a length of 20.

Notatka: The optional raw_output parameter was added in PHP 5.0.0 and defaults to FALSE

Przykład 1. A sha1() example


<?php

$str = 'apple';

                     

if (sha1($str) === 'd0be2dc421be4fcd0172e5afceea3970e2f3d940') {

    echo "Would you like a green or red apple?";

    exit;

}

?>

See also sha1_file(), crc32(), and md5()

User Contributed Notes

spam at barad-dur dot nl
23-Oct-2005 01:59


For servers that don't have the mhash or crypto++-php extensions I wrote an implementation of the SHA256 algorithm as found in the FIPS 180-2 standard.

Source code can be found at http://dev.barad-dur.nl/sha256/

php at REMOVEMEkennel17 dot co dot uk
20-Sep-2005 03:52


It should be noted that sha1("") does not return an empty string.  This means that if you are running a system that does not require users to have a password, the following code will not work as expected:



<?php 

if ($StoredPassword == sha1($NewPassword)) 

    // Password good

?> 



If $StoredPassword and $NewPassword are both blank, then the password should be treated as good, but because sha1("") != "" it will be treated as bad. To get the correct behaviour you need to use:



<?php 

if (($StoredPassword == "" && $NewPassword == "") || ($StoredPassword == sha1($NewPassword)))

    // Password good

?> 



(Note: I use a custom IsBlank() function instead of comparison against the empty string, so NULL values are also matched.)



For reference, here are a couple of special values put through sha1().  Note that sha1("") == sha1(NULL) == sha1(false), and also that sha1(0) != sha1(false)



"" -> da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709

NULL -> da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709

0 -> b6589fc6ab0dc82cf12099d1c2d40ab994e8410c

1 -> 356a192b7913b04c54574d18c28d46e6395428ab

false -> da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709

true -> 356a192b7913b04c54574d18c28d46e6395428ab

Dan
05-Sep-2005 07:12


I've noticed websites are now starting to require passwords of a certain length that MUST contain at least 1 non-alphanumeric character. This in itself makes dictionary attacks kind of useless. My web site requires that as well. It uses md5, and appends a site code into the md5 as well. And the include file that contains that site key is outside the public folders. I sure hope I've done enough to keep the bad boys out.

arachnid at notdot dot net
31-Aug-2005 10:12


WTM's post below is misinformed. The purpose of adding the random data (known as a 'salt', as multiple posters have pointed out further below) is to prevent dictionary based attacks, allowing the attacker use a pre-prepared database of passwords and hashes against all your stored passwords, instead of having to recalculate for each user.



Adding the salt in a more 'complicated' way is a poor security tactic - if the attacker discovers your method, the security advantage is lost, and you have no way of changing it without rehashing all your passwords.

WTM
03-Aug-2005 04:30


Actually, the post by Helpful Harry won't improve your security except for the most simple break in attempts.  Since the random seed is attached to the end of the password hash, if you steal the hashed password, you steal the seed.



That means you can write a simple php program to call the pw_check function Harry included from a loop, feeding it dictionary words or random characters.



Of course, if you modified the program to use the seed in a more complicated way, "they" would have to know the new function's operation.  But then again, if someone can steal your password database, they can probably steal your website code (or guess it).

Helpful Harry
06-Jul-2005 07:21


check out these randomized sha1 password storage functions, they output a string of 50 characters, the first 40 characters being a sha1 output based on the last 10 characters - those being a random seed



to encode a password run pw_encode with the password, it'll return a different pseudo-random string every time - store this value.



to check a password run pw_check with the password attempt and the stored value, it'll return true on a match and false otherwise



these functions eliminate the pesky problem of dictionary matches being run on your password lists



<?php



function pw_encode($password)

{

   for ($i = 1; $i <= 10; $i++)

       $seed .= substr('0123456789abcdef', rand(0,15), 1);

   return sha1($seed.$password.$seed).$seed;

}



function pw_check($password, $stored_value)

{

   if (strlen($stored_value) != 50)

      return FALSE;

   $stored_seed = substr($stored_value,40,10);

   if (sha1($stored_seed.$password.$stored_seed).$stored_seed == $stored_value)

     return TRUE;

   else

     return FALSE;

}



?>

alex at milivojevic dot org
28-Apr-2005 11:12


Regarding my previous comment, if you want to be on the safe side and use only ASCII printable seeds (shouldn't matter for SSHA seeds), something like this could be used:



<?php

$salt = substr(base64_encode(pack("H*", sha1(mt_rand()))), 0, 4);

?>

alex at milivojevic dot org
28-Apr-2005 07:45


If you don't have mhash library and/or PHP module (for example, Red Hat systems, which includes Fedora), and you don't feel like adding it, you can use something like this to generate and verify SSHA hashes.



<?php



$password = "test";



// Generate SSHA hash

mt_srand((double)microtime()*1000000);

$salt = pack("CCCC", mt_rand(), mt_rand(), mt_rand(), mt_rand());

$hash = "{SSHA}" . base64_encode(pack("H*", sha1($password . $salt)) . $salt);

echo $hash . "\n";



// Verify SSHA hash

$ohash = base64_decode(substr($hash, 6));

$osalt = substr($ohash, 20);

$ohash = substr($ohash, 0, 20);

$nhash = pack("H*", sha1($password . $osalt));

if ($ohash == $nhash) {

   echo "Password OK\n";

 } else {

   echo "Password verifiaction failed\n";

 }



?>

Keamos at gmail dot com
05-Mar-2005 11:19


Or, you could use cryptopp-php (a PHP version of crypto++), which you can get at http://bugs.tutorbuddy.com/versions.php/cryptopp-php



It supports (for hashing):



MD2

MD4

MD5

RIPEMD-128

RIPEMD-160

RIPEMD-256

RIPEMD-320

SHA1

SHA-256

SHA-384       

SHA-512

Tiger

Whirlpool       

(SHA256/384/512, Tiger and Whirlpool only on systems using word64)

svn at datapirate dot de
20-Feb-2005 02:26


Wanna use SHA-2 algorithm? Try this:



Download Tar-Ball from http://www.adg.us/computers/sha.html

Compile (may occur some warnings) and test it:



cc -O2 -DSHA2_UNROLL_TRANSFORM -Wall -o sha2 sha2prog.c sha2.c

./sha2test.pl



Copy it to /usr/local/bin/ (don't forget to check permissions)



Here are two functions that could be used with:



function sha2($bits, $string){

    $sha2bin="/usr/local/bin/sha2";

    $echocmd="echo";

    if(!in_array($bits, array(256, 384, 512)))return(false);

    $r=exec($echocmd." ".escapeshellarg($string)."|".$sha2bin." -q -".$bits, $sha2);

    return($sha2[0]);

}



function sha2_file($bits, $filename){

    $sha2bin="/usr/local/bin/sha2";

    if(!in_array($bits, array(256, 384, 512)))return(false);

    if(!file_exists($filename)||!is_readable($filename))return(false);

    $r=exec($sha2bin." -q -".$bits." ".escapeshellarg($filename), $sha2);

    return($sha2[0]);

}



and use it like below:



<?php

$str = 'apple';

if (sha2(256, $str) === '303980bcb9e9e6cdec515230791af8b0ab1aaa244b58a8d99152673aa22197d0') {

   echo "Would you like a green or red apple?";

   exit;

}

?>

dayoman at webfreax dot nl
17-Feb-2005 12:04


SHA-1 almost followed SHA-0:http://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2005/02/sha1_broken.html

mina86 at tlen dot pl
09-Jan-2005 05:17


I did my own implementation of SHA-1 algorithm, which is faster (more then 10 times according to my benchamrk) then both, SHA1Lib and sinatosk's implementation. My library uses mhash if available as described by labarks. You can get it from CVS: http://cvs.sourceforge.net/viewcvs.py/yggdrasil-cms/ -> yggdrasil/include/sha1.inc.php (no direct link due to site's limitations) note, however, that the web interface to view the CVS files has some delay.

hans at pennywaffer dot net
19-Dec-2004 05:18


You can also use sha1() to create a fixed sized ID based on the folderpath containing the performing script. Imagine an environment where multiple instances of a script are running simultaneously, making use of session variables (a good example would be thumbnaildirectories that each contain an instance of a thumbnailmanager). To prevent your $_SESSION array from getting influenced by other scripts that are on the same server and run from the same browserwindow (and thus having the same session ID), use the following approach:



session_start();

$myDir = sha1(dirname(__FILE__));

$_SESSION[$myDir]['var'] = etc;



instead of just using $_SESSION['var'] = etc;



This way your userauthentication and shoppingcart data won't get mixed up. The use of sha1() also prevents strange symbols or spaces in the folderpath messing up the ID, and makes sure the ID has a constant size  regardless the length of the path.

sinatosk at gmail dot com
22-Nov-2004 09:43


Heres an SHA1 function that will work on it's own completely. This is for users who are using below PHP 4.3.0. it works same as PHP5 ( being able to return raw output ).



<?php



/*

** Date modified: 1st October 2004 20:09 GMT

*

** PHP implementation of the Secure Hash Algorithm ( SHA-1 )

*

** This code is available under the GNU Lesser General Public License:

** http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.txt

*

** Based on the PHP implementation by Marcus Campbell

** http://www.tecknik.net/sha-1/

*

** This is a slightly modified version by me Jerome Clarke ( sinatosk@gmail.com )

** because I feel more comfortable with this

*/



function sha1_str2blks_SHA1($str)

{

    $strlen_str = strlen($str);

    

    $nblk = (($strlen_str + 8) >> 6) + 1;

    

    for ($i=0; $i < $nblk * 16; $i++) $blks[$i] = 0;

    

    for ($i=0; $i < $strlen_str; $i++)

    {

        $blks[$i >> 2] |= ord(substr($str, $i, 1)) << (24 - ($i % 4) * 8);

    }

    

    $blks[$i >> 2] |= 0x80 << (24 - ($i % 4) * 8);

    $blks[$nblk * 16 - 1] = $strlen_str * 8;

    

    return $blks;

}



function sha1_safe_add($x, $y)

{

    $lsw = ($x & 0xFFFF) + ($y & 0xFFFF);

    $msw = ($x >> 16) + ($y >> 16) + ($lsw >> 16);

    

    return ($msw << 16) | ($lsw & 0xFFFF);

}



function sha1_rol($num, $cnt)

{

    return ($num << $cnt) | sha1_zeroFill($num, 32 - $cnt);    

}



function sha1_zeroFill($a, $b)

{

    $bin = decbin($a);

    

    $strlen_bin = strlen($bin);

    

    $bin = $strlen_bin < $b ? 0 : substr($bin, 0, $strlen_bin - $b);

    

    for ($i=0; $i < $b; $i++) $bin = '0'.$bin;

    

    return bindec($bin);

}



function sha1_ft($t, $b, $c, $d)

{

    if ($t < 20) return ($b & $c) | ((~$b) & $d);

    if ($t < 40) return $b ^ $c ^ $d;

    if ($t < 60) return ($b & $c) | ($b & $d) | ($c & $d);

    

    return $b ^ $c ^ $d;

}



function sha1_kt($t)

{

    if ($t < 20) return 1518500249;

    if ($t < 40) return 1859775393;

    if ($t < 60) return -1894007588;

    

    return -899497514;

}



function sha1($str, $raw_output=FALSE)

{

    if ( $raw_output === TRUE ) return pack('H*', sha1($str, FALSE));

    

    $x = sha1_str2blks_SHA1($str);

    $a =  1732584193;

    $b = -271733879;

    $c = -1732584194;

    $d =  271733878;

    $e = -1009589776;

    

    $x_count = count($x);

    

    for ($i = 0; $i < $x_count; $i += 16)

    {

        $olda = $a;

        $oldb = $b;

        $oldc = $c;

        $oldd = $d;

        $olde = $e;

        

        for ($j = 0; $j < 80; $j++)

        {

            $w[$j] = ($j < 16) ? $x[$i + $j] : sha1_rol($w[$j - 3] ^ $w[$j - 8] ^ $w[$j - 14] ^ $w[$j - 16], 1);

            

            $t = sha1_safe_add(sha1_safe_add(sha1_rol($a, 5), sha1_ft($j, $b, $c, $d)), sha1_safe_add(sha1_safe_add($e, $w[$j]), sha1_kt($j)));

            $e = $d;

            $d = $c;

            $c = sha1_rol($b, 30);

            $b = $a;

            $a = $t;

        }

        

        $a = sha1_safe_add($a, $olda);

        $b = sha1_safe_add($b, $oldb);

        $c = sha1_safe_add($c, $oldc);

        $d = sha1_safe_add($d, $oldd);

        $e = sha1_safe_add($e, $olde);

    }

    

    return sprintf('%08x%08x%08x%08x%08x', $a, $b, $c, $d, $e);

}



?>

rsemirag at yahoo dot com
02-Nov-2004 07:34


If you're struggling to generate an SHA encoded password for LDAP (PHP < 5.0), what you end up needing is this:



$userpassword = base64_encode(pack("H*", sha1($pass)));



I found this in the OpenLDAP FAQ (many thanks to Google and Ace), though I'm using the iPlanet LDAP server.



Ray Semiraglio

brian_bisaillon at rogers dot com
26-Feb-2004 05:19


Source code to create SSHA passwords...



public function HashPassword($password)

{

  mt_srand((double)microtime()*1000000);

  $salt = mhash_keygen_s2k(MHASH_SHA1, $password, substr(pack('h*', md5(mt_rand())), 0, 8), 4);

  $hash = "{SSHA}".base64_encode(mhash(MHASH_SHA1, $password.$salt).$salt);

  return $hash;

}



Source code to validate SSHA passwords...



public function ValidatePassword($password, $hash)

{

  $hash = base64_decode(substr($hash, 6));

  $original_hash = substr($hash, 0, 20);

  $salt = substr($hash, 20);

  $new_hash = mhash(MHASH_SHA1, $password . $salt);

   if (strcmp($original_hash, $new_hash) == 0)

     ... do something because your password is valid ...

  else

    echo 'Unauthorized: Authorization has been refused for the credentials you provided. Please login with a valid username and password.';

    ... be sure to clear your session data ...

}



Note: The format is compatible with OpenLDAP's SSHA scheme if I'm not mistaken.

mark at dot BANSPAM dot pronexus dot nl
30-Jan-2004 03:28


Looking for a simple function to implement HMAC-SHA1 but don't want to use the entire PEAR Message lib?



//Calculate HMAC-SHA1 according to RFC2104

// http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2104.txt

function hmacsha1($key,$data) {

    $blocksize=64;

    $hashfunc='sha1';

    if (strlen($key)>$blocksize)

        $key=pack('H*', $hashfunc($key));

    $key=str_pad($key,$blocksize,chr(0x00));

    $ipad=str_repeat(chr(0x36),$blocksize);

    $opad=str_repeat(chr(0x5c),$blocksize);

    $hmac = pack(

                'H*',$hashfunc(

                    ($key^$opad).pack(

                        'H*',$hashfunc(

                            ($key^$ipad).$data

                        )

                    )

                )

            );

    return bin2hex($hmac);

}



It is very useful for client-authentication. see also http://cookies.lcs.mit.edu/pubs/webauth:tr.pdf

Optionally you can change $hashfunc to 'md5' to make this an HMAC-MD5 function ;-)

If you want raw or base64 output instead of hexadecimal, just change the last return line.



Cheers,

Mark



p.s. the "$hmac =" line used to be 1 line but I had to cut it up in order to fit it here ;)

labarks
15-Nov-2003 12:06


Append this to the your sha1lib file to make it more portable.  If your version of php does support sha1() then it will try to use Mhash or else it will use the sha1lib.  Use $sha1 if you want to display which is being used.



if ( function_exists('sha1') )

    $sha1 = "sha1";



if ( !function_exists('sha1') && function_exists('mhash'))

{

    function sha1($hash_source) 

    {

           $hash = mhash(MHASH_SHA1, $hash_source);

          $hex_hash = bin2hex($hash);

           return $hex_hash;

    } 

    $sha1 = "Mhash";

}

if ( !function_exists('sha1') && !function_exists('mhash'))

{

    function sha1( $string, $raw_output = false )

    {

        $library = new Sha1Lib();

        

        return $raw_output ? $library->str_sha1($string) : $library->hex_sha1($string);

    }

    $sha1 = "sha1lib";

}

andreas at schmeiler dot de
16-Oct-2003 08:50


To use the sha1 function in php versions <4.3 do the following:



install the mhash library (see http://mhash.sourceforge.net)



then, sha1 can be implemented as follows:



function sha1($hash_source) {

   $hash = mhash(MHASH_SHA1, $hash_source);

   $hex_hash = bin2hex($hash);

   return $hex_hash;

}

bobm at hp dot com
23-Apr-2003 06:12


To achieve raw binary format prior to PHP5, you can do this...



$raw = pack("H*", sha1($str));



Regards,



Bob Mader