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OPINIE UŻYTKOWNIKÓW
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Gratulacje i dzięki! Trafiłem tu przypadkiem poszukując informacji na temat php+mysql. Wiele polskich stron powiela identyczne przykłady, klonuje te same kursy i lekcje... ten serwis okazał sie inny. Zasada "problem - rozwiazanie - wyjaśnienie" zdaje egzamin - zapewnia jasną, jednoznaczną i pewną pomoc w konkretnym przypadku. Porady są warte swojej ceny, przede wszystkim ze względu na przyjazną (także dla początkujących) formę i treść oraz bogate i stale powiększane zasoby. Polecam i pozdrawiam!
Kamil Dmowski
Polski Czerwony Krzyż
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PODRĘCZNIK PHP 5.x, 4.x, 3.x - częściowo spolszczony / źródło: www.php.net
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CXXXV. XML Parser Functions
XML (eXtensible Markup Language) is a data format for structured
document interchange on the Web. It is a standard defined by
The World Wide Web consortium (W3C). Information about XML and
related technologies can be found at http://www.w3.org/XML/.
This PHP extension implements support for James Clark's
expat in PHP. This toolkit lets you
parse, but not validate, XML documents. It supports three
source character encodings
also provided by PHP: US-ASCII,
ISO-8859-1 and UTF-8.
UTF-16 is not supported.
This extension lets you create XML parsers
and then define handlers for different XML
events. Each XML parser also has a few parameters you
can adjust.
This extension uses an expat compat layer by
default. It can use also expat, which can
be found at http://www.jclark.com/xml/expat.html. The
Makefile that comes with expat does not build a library by
default, you can use this make rule for that:
libexpat.a: $(OBJS)
ar -rc $@ $(OBJS)
ranlib $@ |
A source RPM package of expat can be found at http://sourceforge.net/projects/expat/.
Domyślnie te funkcje są włączone i używają dołączonej biblioteki expat.
Możesz wyłączyć wsparcie dla XML za pomocą
--disable-xml.
Jeżeli kompilujesz PHP jako moduł do Apache w wersji 1.3.9 lub późniejszej, wówczas
PHP automatycznie użyje biblioteki expat
dołączonej do Apache. Jeśli nie chcesz używać dołączonej wersji biblioteki
expat to skonfiguruj PHP z --with-expat-dir=KATALOG
gdzie KATALOG powinien wskazywać na katalog gdzie zainstalowano expat.
PHP w wersji dla systemów
Windows posiada wbudowaną obsługę dla tego rozszerzenia. Nie trzeba ładować
żadnych dodatkowych rozszerzeń aby korzystać z tych funkcji. To rozszerzenie nie definiuje posiada żadnych
dyrektyw konfiguracyjnych w pliku php.ini.
Poniższe stałe są zdefiniowane w tym rozszerzeniu i stają się dostępne, gdy
rozszerzenie jest dokompilowane do PHP, lub załadowane dynamicznie przy starcie.
- XML_ERROR_NONE
(integer)
- XML_ERROR_NO_MEMORY
(integer)
- XML_ERROR_SYNTAX
(integer)
- XML_ERROR_NO_ELEMENTS
(integer)
- XML_ERROR_INVALID_TOKEN
(integer)
- XML_ERROR_UNCLOSED_TOKEN
(integer)
- XML_ERROR_PARTIAL_CHAR
(integer)
- XML_ERROR_TAG_MISMATCH
(integer)
- XML_ERROR_DUPLICATE_ATTRIBUTE
(integer)
- XML_ERROR_JUNK_AFTER_DOC_ELEMENT
(integer)
- XML_ERROR_PARAM_ENTITY_REF
(integer)
- XML_ERROR_UNDEFINED_ENTITY
(integer)
- XML_ERROR_RECURSIVE_ENTITY_REF
(integer)
- XML_ERROR_ASYNC_ENTITY
(integer)
- XML_ERROR_BAD_CHAR_REF
(integer)
- XML_ERROR_BINARY_ENTITY_REF
(integer)
- XML_ERROR_ATTRIBUTE_EXTERNAL_ENTITY_REF
(integer)
- XML_ERROR_MISPLACED_XML_PI
(integer)
- XML_ERROR_UNKNOWN_ENCODING
(integer)
- XML_ERROR_INCORRECT_ENCODING
(integer)
- XML_ERROR_UNCLOSED_CDATA_SECTION
(integer)
- XML_ERROR_EXTERNAL_ENTITY_HANDLING
(integer)
- XML_OPTION_CASE_FOLDING
(integer)
- XML_OPTION_TARGET_ENCODING
(integer)
- XML_OPTION_SKIP_TAGSTART
(integer)
- XML_OPTION_SKIP_WHITE
(integer)
The XML event handlers defined are:
Tabela 1. Supported XML handlers | PHP function to set handler | Event description |
|---|
| xml_set_element_handler() |
Element events are issued whenever the XML parser
encounters start or end tags. There are separate handlers
for start tags and end tags.
| |
xml_set_character_data_handler()
|
Character data is roughly all the non-markup contents of
XML documents, including whitespace between tags. Note
that the XML parser does not add or remove any whitespace,
it is up to the application (you) to decide whether
whitespace is significant.
| |
xml_set_processing_instruction_handler()
|
PHP programmers should be familiar with processing
instructions (PIs) already. <?php ?> is a processing
instruction, where php is called
the "PI target". The handling of these are
application-specific, except that all PI targets starting
with "XML" are reserved.
| | xml_set_default_handler() |
What goes not to another handler goes to the default
handler. You will get things like the XML and document
type declarations in the default handler.
| |
xml_set_unparsed_entity_decl_handler()
|
This handler will be called for declaration of an unparsed
(NDATA) entity.
| |
xml_set_notation_decl_handler()
|
This handler is called for declaration of a notation.
| |
xml_set_external_entity_ref_handler()
|
This handler is called when the XML parser finds a
reference to an external parsed general entity. This can
be a reference to a file or URL, for example. See the external entity
example for a demonstration.
|
The element handler functions may get their element names
case-folded. Case-folding is defined by
the XML standard as "a process applied to a sequence of
characters, in which those identified as non-uppercase are
replaced by their uppercase equivalents". In other words, when
it comes to XML, case-folding simply means uppercasing.
By default, all the element names that are passed to the handler
functions are case-folded. This behaviour can be queried and
controlled per XML parser with the
xml_parser_get_option() and
xml_parser_set_option() functions,
respectively.
The following constants are defined for XML error codes (as
returned by xml_parse()):
| XML_ERROR_NONE | | XML_ERROR_NO_MEMORY | | XML_ERROR_SYNTAX | | XML_ERROR_NO_ELEMENTS | | XML_ERROR_INVALID_TOKEN | | XML_ERROR_UNCLOSED_TOKEN | | XML_ERROR_PARTIAL_CHAR | | XML_ERROR_TAG_MISMATCH | | XML_ERROR_DUPLICATE_ATTRIBUTE | | XML_ERROR_JUNK_AFTER_DOC_ELEMENT | | XML_ERROR_PARAM_ENTITY_REF | | XML_ERROR_UNDEFINED_ENTITY | | XML_ERROR_RECURSIVE_ENTITY_REF | | XML_ERROR_ASYNC_ENTITY | | XML_ERROR_BAD_CHAR_REF | | XML_ERROR_BINARY_ENTITY_REF | | XML_ERROR_ATTRIBUTE_EXTERNAL_ENTITY_REF | | XML_ERROR_MISPLACED_XML_PI | | XML_ERROR_UNKNOWN_ENCODING | | XML_ERROR_INCORRECT_ENCODING | | XML_ERROR_UNCLOSED_CDATA_SECTION | | XML_ERROR_EXTERNAL_ENTITY_HANDLING |
PHP's XML extension supports the Unicode character set through
different character encodings. There are
two types of character encodings, source
encoding and target encoding.
PHP's internal representation of the document is always encoded
with UTF-8.
Source encoding is done when an XML document is parsed. Upon creating an XML
parser, a source encoding can be specified (this encoding
can not be changed later in the XML parser's lifetime). The
supported source encodings are ISO-8859-1,
US-ASCII and UTF-8. The
former two are single-byte encodings, which means that each
character is represented by a single byte.
UTF-8 can encode characters composed by a
variable number of bits (up to 21) in one to four bytes. The
default source encoding used by PHP is
ISO-8859-1.
Target encoding is done when PHP passes data to XML handler
functions. When an XML parser is created, the target encoding
is set to the same as the source encoding, but this may be
changed at any point. The target encoding will affect character
data as well as tag names and processing instruction targets.
If the XML parser encounters characters outside the range that
its source encoding is capable of representing, it will return
an error.
If PHP encounters characters in the parsed XML document that can
not be represented in the chosen target encoding, the problem
characters will be "demoted". Currently, this means that such
characters are replaced by a question mark.
Here are some example PHP scripts parsing XML documents.
This first example displays the structure of the start elements in
a document with indentation.
Przykład 1. Show XML Element Structure |
<?php
$file = "data.xml";
$depth = array();
function startElement($parser, $name, $attrs)
{
global $depth;
for ($i = 0; $i < $depth[$parser]; $i++) {
echo " ";
}
echo "$name\n";
$depth[$parser]++;
}
function endElement($parser, $name)
{
global $depth;
$depth[$parser]--;
}
$xml_parser = xml_parser_create();
xml_set_element_handler($xml_parser, "startElement", "endElement");
if (!($fp = fopen($file, "r"))) {
die("could not open XML input");
}
while ($data = fread($fp, 4096)) {
if (!xml_parse($xml_parser, $data, feof($fp))) {
die(sprintf("XML error: %s at line %d",
xml_error_string(xml_get_error_code($xml_parser)),
xml_get_current_line_number($xml_parser)));
}
}
xml_parser_free($xml_parser);
?>
|
|
Przykład 2. Map XML to HTML
This example maps tags in an XML document directly to HTML
tags. Elements not found in the "map array" are ignored. Of
course, this example will only work with a specific XML
document type.
|
<?php
$file = "data.xml";
$map_array = array(
"BOLD" => "B",
"EMPHASIS" => "I",
"LITERAL" => "TT"
);
function startElement($parser, $name, $attrs)
{
global $map_array;
if (isset($map_array[$name])) {
echo "<$map_array[$name]>";
}
}
function endElement($parser, $name)
{
global $map_array;
if (isset($map_array[$name])) {
echo "</$map_array[$name]>";
}
}
function characterData($parser, $data)
{
echo $data;
}
$xml_parser = xml_parser_create();
xml_parser_set_option($xml_parser, XML_OPTION_CASE_FOLDING, true);
xml_set_element_handler($xml_parser, "startElement", "endElement");
xml_set_character_data_handler($xml_parser, "characterData");
if (!($fp = fopen($file, "r"))) {
die("could not open XML input");
}
while ($data = fread($fp, 4096)) {
if (!xml_parse($xml_parser, $data, feof($fp))) {
die(sprintf("XML error: %s at line %d",
xml_error_string(xml_get_error_code($xml_parser)),
xml_get_current_line_number($xml_parser)));
}
}
xml_parser_free($xml_parser);
?>
|
|
This example highlights XML code. It illustrates how to use an
external entity reference handler to include and parse other
documents, as well as how PIs can be processed, and a way of
determining "trust" for PIs containing code.
XML documents that can be used for this example are found below
the example (xmltest.xml and
xmltest2.xml.)
Przykład 3. External Entity Example |
<?php
$file = "xmltest.xml";
function trustedFile($file)
{
if (!eregi("^([a-z]+)://", $file)
&& fileowner($file) == getmyuid()) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
function startElement($parser, $name, $attribs)
{
echo "<<font color=\"#0000cc\">$name</font>";
if (sizeof($attribs)) {
while (list($k, $v) = each($attribs)) {
echo " <font color=\"#009900\">$k</font>=\"<font
color=\"#990000\">$v</font>\"";
}
}
echo ">";
}
function endElement($parser, $name)
{
echo "</<font color=\"#0000cc\">$name</font>>";
}
function characterData($parser, $data)
{
echo "<b>$data</b>";
}
function PIHandler($parser, $target, $data)
{
switch (strtolower($target)) {
case "php":
global $parser_file;
if (trustedFile($parser_file[$parser])) {
eval($data);
} else {
printf("Untrusted PHP code: <i>%s</i>",
htmlspecialchars($data));
}
break;
}
}
function defaultHandler($parser, $data)
{
if (substr($data, 0, 1) == "&" && substr($data, -1, 1) == ";") {
printf('<font color="#aa00aa">%s</font>',
htmlspecialchars($data));
} else {
printf('<font size="-1">%s</font>',
htmlspecialchars($data));
}
}
function externalEntityRefHandler($parser, $openEntityNames, $base, $systemId,
$publicId) {
if ($systemId) {
if (!list($parser, $fp) = new_xml_parser($systemId)) {
printf("Could not open entity %s at %s\n", $openEntityNames,
$systemId);
return false;
}
while ($data = fread($fp, 4096)) {
if (!xml_parse($parser, $data, feof($fp))) {
printf("XML error: %s at line %d while parsing entity %s\n",
xml_error_string(xml_get_error_code($parser)),
xml_get_current_line_number($parser), $openEntityNames);
xml_parser_free($parser);
return false;
}
}
xml_parser_free($parser);
return true;
}
return false;
}
function new_xml_parser($file)
{
global $parser_file;
$xml_parser = xml_parser_create();
xml_parser_set_option($xml_parser, XML_OPTION_CASE_FOLDING, 1);
xml_set_element_handler($xml_parser, "startElement", "endElement");
xml_set_character_data_handler($xml_parser, "characterData");
xml_set_processing_instruction_handler($xml_parser, "PIHandler");
xml_set_default_handler($xml_parser, "defaultHandler");
xml_set_external_entity_ref_handler($xml_parser, "externalEntityRefHandler");
if (!($fp = @fopen($file, "r"))) {
return false;
}
if (!is_array($parser_file)) {
settype($parser_file, "array");
}
$parser_file[$xml_parser] = $file;
return array($xml_parser, $fp);
}
if (!(list($xml_parser, $fp) = new_xml_parser($file))) {
die("could not open XML input");
}
echo "<pre>";
while ($data = fread($fp, 4096)) {
if (!xml_parse($xml_parser, $data, feof($fp))) {
die(sprintf("XML error: %s at line %d\n",
xml_error_string(xml_get_error_code($xml_parser)),
xml_get_current_line_number($xml_parser)));
}
}
echo "</pre>";
echo "parse complete\n";
xml_parser_free($xml_parser);
?>
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Przykład 4. xmltest.xml <?xml version='1.0'?>
<!DOCTYPE chapter SYSTEM "/just/a/test.dtd" [
<!ENTITY plainEntity "FOO entity">
<!ENTITY systemEntity SYSTEM "xmltest2.xml">
]>
<chapter>
<TITLE>Title &plainEntity;</TITLE>
<para>
<informaltable>
<tgroup cols="3">
<tbody>
<row><entry>a1</entry><entry morerows="1">b1</entry><entry>c1</entry></row>
<row><entry>a2</entry><entry>c2</entry></row>
<row><entry>a3</entry><entry>b3</entry><entry>c3</entry></row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
</para>
&systemEntity;
<section id="about">
<title>About this Document</title>
<para>
<!-- this is a comment -->
<?php echo 'Hi! This is PHP version ' . phpversion(); ?>
</para>
</section>
</chapter> |
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This file is included from xmltest.xml:
Przykład 5. xmltest2.xml <?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE foo [
<!ENTITY testEnt "test entity">
]>
<foo>
<element attrib="value"/>
&testEnt;
<?php echo "This is some more PHP code being executed."; ?>
</foo> |
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User Contributed Notesadamaflynn at gmail dot com
30-Jan-2006 03:50
forquan
29-Jan-2006 12:45
Here's code that will create an associative array from an xml file. Keys are the tag data and subarrays are formed from attributes and child tags
<?php
$p =& new xmlParser();
$p->parse('/*xml file*/');
print_r($p->output);
?>
<?php
class xmlParser{
var $xml_obj = null;
var $output = array();
var $attrs;
function xmlParser(){
$this->xml_obj = xml_parser_create();
xml_set_object($this->xml_obj,$this);
xml_set_character_data_handler($this->xml_obj, 'dataHandler');
xml_set_element_handler($this->xml_obj, "startHandler", "endHandler");
}
function parse($path){
if (!($fp = fopen($path, "r"))) {
die("Cannot open XML data file: $path");
return false;
}
while ($data = fread($fp, 4096)) {
if (!xml_parse($this->xml_obj, $data, feof($fp))) {
die(sprintf("XML error: %s at line %d",
xml_error_string(xml_get_error_code($this->xml_obj)),
xml_get_current_line_number($this->xml_obj)));
xml_parser_free($this->xml_obj);
}
}
return true;
}
function startHandler($parser, $name, $attribs){
$_content = array();
if(!empty($attribs))
$_content['attrs'] = $attribs;
array_push($this->output, $_content);
}
function dataHandler($parser, $data){
if(!empty($data) && $data!="\n") {
$_output_idx = count($this->output) - 1;
$this->output[$_output_idx]['content'] .= $data;
}
}
function endHandler($parser, $name){
if(count($this->output) > 1) {
$_data = array_pop($this->output);
$_output_idx = count($this->output) - 1;
$add = array();
if ($_data['attrs'])
$add['attrs'] = $_data['attrs'];
if ($_data['child'])
$add['child'] = $_data['child'];
$this->output[$_output_idx]['child'][$_data['content']] = $add;
}
}
}
?>
adamaflynn at gmail dot com
04-Jan-2006 01:40
sander at gameqube dot nl
25-Dec-2005 12:07
There is flaw in the xml2array function of aerik. It can extract several different nodes with the same name, but a child element with the same name as the parent will go wrong.
For example:
<root>
<element>
<element>2</element>
</element>
</root>
The value of the first 'element' attribute will be '<element>2'. This is not easily solved and personaly I didn't find a solution for this. The problem lies in the use of the regular expression for parsing the xml document, so beware of this drawback when using this method.
orbitphreak at yahoo dot com
14-Dec-2005 07:43
Here's another version of raphael's XMLParser class. The modification allows you to parse a remote (HTTP) XML file into an array without the need of fopen or fsockopen, which are usually disabled by hosting companies.
<?PHP
class XMLParser {
var $xml_url;
var $xml;
var $data;
function XMLParser($xml_url) {
$this->xml_url = $xml_url;
$this->xml = xml_parser_create();
xml_set_object($this->xml, $this);
xml_set_element_handler($this->xml, 'startHandler', 'endHandler');
xml_set_character_data_handler($this->xml, 'dataHandler');
$this->parse($xml_url);
}
function parse($xml_url) {
$ch = curl_init();
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $xml_url);
curl_setopt ($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
$store = curl_exec ($ch);
$data = curl_exec ($ch);
curl_close ($ch);
$parse = xml_parse($this->xml, $data, sizeof($data));
if (!$parse) {
die(sprintf("XML error: %s at line %d",
xml_error_string(xml_get_error_code($this->xml)),
xml_get_current_line_number($this->xml)));
xml_parser_free($this->xml
);
}
return true;
}
function startHandler($parser, $name, $attributes) {
$data['name'] = $name;
if ($attributes) { $data['attributes'] = $attributes; }
$this->data[] = $data;
}
function dataHandler($parser, $data) {
if ($data = trim($data)) {
$index = count($this->data) - 1;
$this->data[$index]['content'] .= $data;
}
}
function endHandler($parser, $name) {
if (count($this->data) > 1) {
$data = array_pop($this->data);
$index = count($this->data) - 1;
$this->data[$index]['child'][] = $data;
}
}
}
?>
Examples on how to use it to parse out geographic data are here:
http://www.digital-seven.net/?option=com_content&task=view&id=69
memandeemail at gmail dot com
12-Dec-2005 07:37
XML TO DB
XML Example:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
<data>
<table name="bairro" primary_key="hash">
<row>
<field name="hash">1</field>
<field name="descr">Centro</field>
</row>
</table>
</data>
<?php
class xmlToDB {
var $parser;
var $cn;
var $table;
var $recordset = array();
var $content;
var $value;
var $field;
function xmlToDB() {
$this->parser = xml_parser_create();
xml_set_object($this->parser,$this);
xml_set_element_handler($this->parser,"tag_open","tag_close");
xml_set_character_data_handler($this->parser,"cdata");
$this->cn = @mysql_pconnect(XOOPS_DB_HOST,XOOPS_DB_USER,XOOPS_DB_PASS) or trigger_error('Erro ao conectar ao servidor de dados',E_USER_ERROR);
@mysql_select_db(XOOPS_DB_NAME,$this->cn) or trigger_error('Erro ao selecionar o banco de dados',E_USER_ERROR);
}
function parse($data) {
@xml_parse($this->parser, $data) or
die(sprintf("Erro de XML: %s na linha %d",
xml_error_string(xml_get_error_code($this->parser)),
xml_get_current_line_number($this->parser)));
}
function tag_open($parser, $tag, $attributes) {
$parser;
switch ($tag) {
case 'DATA': break;
case 'TABLE': {
$this->table = $attributes['NAME'];
mysql_unbuffered_query("TRUNCATE $this->table");
$this->recordset = array();
|
